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Zeit        x                 y                     z
12        200,9673      14,4022           11,9805
6         33,9673        18,4022           23,9805
24        72,9673       32,4022            44,9805
22        98,9673        55,4022           76,9805

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data = [line.strip().split() for line in open("my_file.txt")]
t = []
data_y = []
    
for i in range(536):
    i = 1 # ignoriere erste Zeile
    data1 =  data[i][0] # erste Spalte
    data2 = data[i][3]
    t.append(data1)
    data_y.append(data2)

print t
print data_y

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import csv

with open('data.txt', 'rb') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter='\t')
    next(reader)  #  header-Zeile ignorieren
    csvdata = list(reader)
    for row in csvdata:
        row[0] = int(row[0])
        for i, value in enumerate(row[1:], start=1):
            row[i] = float(value.replace(',', '.'))

import pprint
pprint.pprint(csvdata)

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row[0] = int(row[0])
IndexError: list index out of range

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import csv

with open('data.txt', 'rb') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter='\t')
    next(reader)
    csvdata = [
        [int(row[0])] + [float(value.replace(',', '.')) for value in row[1:]]
            for row in reader if row
    ]

import pprint
pprint.pprint(csvdata)

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import csv

data_mat = []
with open('my_file.txt', 'rb') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter='\t')
    next(reader)
    csvdata = [
        [int(row[0])] + [float(value.replace(',', '.')) for value in row[1:]]
            for row in reader if row
    ]
   
    for i in range(len(csvdata)):
        data1 =  csvdata[i][0] #first row, first col
        data2 = csvdata[i][3]

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import csv

with open('data.txt', 'r') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=' ', skipinitialspace=True)  #  <-- Hier! Magie!!
    next(reader)  ##  header-Zeile ignorieren
    csvdata = [
        [int(row[0])] + [float(value.replace(',', '.')) for value in row[1:]]
            for row in reader if row
    ]

import pprint
pprint.pprint(csvdata)

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    for row in csvdata:
        data1 = row[0] #first row, first col
        data2 = row[3]

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from numpy import *
from scipy.optimize import leastsq
from math import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import csv


data_mat = []
time_array = []
data_array =[]
with open('file.txt', 'rb') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter='\t')
    next(reader) #header-Zeile ignorieren
    csvdata = [
        [int(row[0])] + [float(value.replace(',', '.')) for value in row[1:]]
            for row in reader if row
    ]
    
for i in range(len(csvdata)):
    data1 =  csvdata[i][0] #first col
    data2 = csvdata[i][3]
    time_array.append(float(data1))
    data_array.append(float(data2))

y = data_array
x = time_array
A1_0=4
A2_0=3
k1_0=0.5
k2_0=0.04
n1_0=2
n2_0=1
pname = (['A1','A2','k1','k2','n1','n2'])
p0 = array([A1_0 , A2_0, k1_0, k2_0,n1_0,n2_0])
""" Data plotten"""
def plot(x, y):
    line, = plt.plot(x,y, lw=2)
    plt.show()
    
def residuals(p, y, x):
    err = y-peval(x,p)
    return err
def peval(x, p):
    return p[0]*(1-np.exp(-(p[2]*x)**p[4])) + p[1]*(1- np.exp(-(p[3]*(x))**p[5] ))

plsq = leastsq(residuals, p0, args=(y, x), maxfev=2000)

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err = y-peval(x,p)
ValueError: shape mismatch: objects cannot be broadcast to a single shape

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y = np.array(data_array)
x = np.array(time_array)

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In [34]: import numpy as np

In [35]: def float2(s):
   ....:     return float(s.replace(',','.'))
   ....: 

In [36]: converters = {0: float2, 1: float2, 2: float2, 3: float2}

In [37]: data = np.loadtxt('test.dat', skiprows=1, converters=converters)

In [38]: data
Out[38]: 
array([[  12.    ,  200.9673,   14.4022,   11.9805],
       [   6.    ,   33.9673,   18.4022,   23.9805],
       [  24.    ,   72.9673,   32.4022,   44.9805],
       [  22.    ,   98.9673,   55.4022,   76.9805]])