Testen ob es eine ip gibt

[INFACT]

Code: Alles auswählen

try:
    socket.gethostbyaddr(ip)
    ips.append(ip)
except socket.herror:
    pass

Dauert zu lange, wenn es die ip nicht gibt. Geht das schneller?

[snafu]

Ping die IP doch einfach an.

[Leonidas]

Ping die IP doch einfach an.

Und was wenn ICMP Echo gefiltert wird?

[yipyip]

@INFACT:
http://docs.python.org/library/socket.h ... settimeout ?


yipyip

[snafu]

Und was wenn ICMP Echo gefiltert wird?

Ich wusste bis gerade nicht, dass das möglich ist.

[INFACT]

settimeout ist die methode einer socket.socket klasse. Man kann aber mit einer klasse gethostbyaddr oder ähnliches nicht durchfürhren da das normale funktionen vom modul sind. Und für alle anderen Funktionen brauche ich ein port von dem ich nicht weiß ob es offen ist.

[Dauerbaustelle]

Dann bau dir "gethostbyaddr" selbst ;)

[thewulf00]

Ich habe sowas für unser internes Firmennetz realisiert.
Ich habe dazu eine ping-Implementation ausm Netz gezogen und den Timeout benutzt. Der steht hier auf 1s. Mit drei Versuchen pro Pingintervall habe ich damit eine 99% zuverlässige Onlinestatistik aller IPs im Netz.

Hier der Code: (Wie gesagt, ist ausm Netz)

Code: Alles auswählen

#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
    A pure python ping implementation using raw socket.


    Note that ICMP messages can only be sent from processes running as root.


    Derived from ping.c distributed in Linux's netkit. That code is
    copyright (c) 1989 by The Regents of the University of California.
    That code is in turn derived from code written by Mike Muuss of the
    US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory in December, 1983 and
    placed in the public domain. They have my thanks.

    Bugs are naturally mine. I'd be glad to hear about them. There are
    certainly word - size dependenceies here.

    Copyright (c) Matthew Dixon Cowles, <http://www.visi.com/~mdc/>.
    Distributable under the terms of the GNU General Public License
    version 2. Provided with no warranties of any sort.

    Original Version from Matthew Dixon Cowles:
      -> ftp://ftp.visi.com/users/mdc/ping.py

    Rewrite by Jens Diemer:
      -> http://www.python-forum.de/post-69122.html#69122


    Revision history
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    May 30, 2007
    little rewrite by Jens Diemer:
     -  change socket asterisk import to a normal import
     -  replace time.time() with time.clock()
     -  delete "return None" (or change to "return" only)
     -  in checksum() rename "str" to "source_string"

    November 22, 1997
    Initial hack. Doesn't do much, but rather than try to guess
    what features I (or others) will want in the future, I've only
    put in what I need now.

    December 16, 1997
    For some reason, the checksum bytes are in the wrong order when
    this is run under Solaris 2.X for SPARC but it works right under
    Linux x86. Since I don't know just what's wrong, I'll swap the
    bytes always and then do an htons().

    December 4, 2000
    Changed the struct.pack() calls to pack the checksum and ID as
    unsigned. My thanks to Jerome Poincheval for the fix.


    Last commit info:
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    $LastChangedDate: $
    $Rev: $
    $Author: $
"""


import os, sys, socket, struct, select, time

# From /usr/include/linux/icmp.h; your milage may vary.
ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST = 8 # Seems to be the same on Solaris.


def checksum(source_string):
    """
    I'm not too confident that this is right but testing seems
    to suggest that it gives the same answers as in_cksum in ping.c
    """
    sum = 0
    countTo = (len(source_string)/2)*2
    count = 0
    while count<countTo:
        thisVal = ord(source_string[count + 1])*256 + ord(source_string[count])
        sum = sum + thisVal
        sum = sum & 0xffffffff # Necessary?
        count = count + 2

    if countTo<len(source_string):
        sum = sum + ord(source_string[len(source_string) - 1])
        sum = sum & 0xffffffff # Necessary?

    sum = (sum >> 16)  +  (sum & 0xffff)
    sum = sum + (sum >> 16)
    answer = ~sum
    answer = answer & 0xffff

    # Swap bytes. Bugger me if I know why.
    answer = answer >> 8 | (answer << 8 & 0xff00)

    return answer


def receive_one_ping(my_socket, ID, timeout):
    """
    receive the ping from the socket.
    """
    timeLeft = timeout
    while True:
        #startedSelect = time.clock()
        startedSelect = time.time()
        whatReady = select.select([my_socket], [], [], timeLeft)
        #howLongInSelect = (time.clock() - startedSelect)
        howLongInSelect = (time.time() - startedSelect)
        if whatReady[0] == []: # Timeout
            return

        #timeReceived = time.clock()
        timeReceived = time.time()
        recPacket, addr = my_socket.recvfrom(1024)
        icmpHeader = recPacket[20:28]
        type, code, checksum, packetID, sequence = struct.unpack(
            "bbHHh", icmpHeader
        )
        if packetID == ID:
            bytesInDouble = struct.calcsize("d")
            timeSent = struct.unpack("d", recPacket[28:28 + bytesInDouble])[0]
            return timeReceived - timeSent

        timeLeft = timeLeft - howLongInSelect
        if timeLeft <= 0:
            return


def send_one_ping(my_socket, dest_addr, ID):
    """
    Send one ping to the given >dest_addr<.
    """
    dest_addr  =  socket.gethostbyname(dest_addr)

    # Header is type (8), code (8), checksum (16), id (16), sequence (16)
    my_checksum = 0

    # Make a dummy heder with a 0 checksum.
    header = struct.pack("bbHHh", ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST, 0, my_checksum, ID, 1)
    bytesInDouble = struct.calcsize("d")
    data = (192 - bytesInDouble) * "Q"
    #data = struct.pack("d", time.clock()) + data
    data = struct.pack("d", time.time()) + data

    # Calculate the checksum on the data and the dummy header.
    my_checksum = checksum(header + data)

    # Now that we have the right checksum, we put that in. It's just easier
    # to make up a new header than to stuff it into the dummy.
    header = struct.pack(
        "bbHHh", ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST, 0, socket.htons(my_checksum), ID, 1
    )
    packet = header + data
    my_socket.sendto(packet, (dest_addr, 1)) # Don't know about the 1


def do_one(dest_addr, timeout):
    """
    Returns either the delay (in seconds) or none on timeout.
    """
    icmp = socket.getprotobyname("icmp")
    try:
        my_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, icmp)
    except socket.error, (errno, msg):
        if errno == 1:
            # Operation not permitted
            msg = msg + (
                " - Note that ICMP messages can only be sent from processes"
                " running as root."
            )
            raise socket.error(msg)
        raise # raise the original error

    my_ID = os.getpid() & 0xFFFF

    send_one_ping(my_socket, dest_addr, my_ID)
    delay = receive_one_ping(my_socket, my_ID, timeout)

    my_socket.close()
    return delay


def verbose_ping(dest_addr, timeout = 2, count = 4):
    """
    Send >count< ping to >dest_addr< with the given >timeout< and display
    the result.
    """
    for i in xrange(count):
        print "ping %s..." % dest_addr,
        try:
            delay  =  do_one(dest_addr, timeout)
        except socket.gaierror, e:
            print "failed. (socket error: '%s')" % e[1]
            break

        if delay  ==  None:
            print "failed. (timeout within %ssec.)" % timeout
        else:
            delay  =  delay * 1000
            print "get ping in %0.4fms" % delay
    print


if __name__ == '__main__':
    verbose_ping("heise.de")
    verbose_ping("google.com")
    verbose_ping("a-test-url-taht-is-not-available.com")
    verbose_ping("192.168.0.1")

Benutzt wird das in einer Produktivumgebung nicht mit verbose_ping(), sondern mit do_one(ip, TIMEOUT).

[lunar]

Das funktioniert unter Unix-Systemen nicht so ohne weiteres mit normalen Rechten.

[thewulf00]

Also in unserem Unbuntu läuft es ohne Rootrechte ziemlich gut.

[lunar]

Das mag schon sein, dann aber läuft der Prozess nicht mit normalen Rechten, sondern besitzt das CAP_NET_RAW Privileg. Ohne dieses Privileg kann man raw sockets nicht nutzen.

Normale Nutzer haben dieses Privileg nicht, irgendjemand hat es wohl für den Python-Prozess oder ein spezielles Benutzerkonto aktiviert.