Dann ist Objektorientierung zu diesem Zeitpunkt vermutlich noch eine zu hohe Hürde für dich. Versuche doch erstmal, es nur mit Funktionen zu lösen. Das ist nicht so schön, weil du jeder Funktion so eine Art Kontext (Spieler, Spielbrett, aktueller Spielstand) übergeben müsstest, aber vielleicht wird dir so etwas klarer, welche Struktur du für dein Spiel brauchst.
Denk dabei mal nicht so sehr an den Stein, sondern an das Feld auf dem Brett, das belegt werden soll. Keine Belegung wäre None auf dem Feld und belegt wäre ein Stein()-Objekt auf dem Feld. Für den Anfang kann es stattdessen auch mit True und False dargestellt werden. Ein Spielfeld wäre eine zweidimensionale Liste, d. h. in der Liste sind nochmals Listen. Für ein 9x9 Spielfeld könnte das so aussehen:Mustii-i hat geschrieben: ↑Sonntag 23. Dezember 2018, 08:59 @snafu wie würden sie da am besten vor gehen wenn ich sie fragen darf, also ich weiß auch nicht wie ich die Felder so gestalten kann das ich dann auch steine drauf "bewegen" kann. Ich glaube ich wollte da etwas programmieren wo ich selber nicht mal richtig drauf klar komme. :/
Code: Alles auswählen
# Leeres Spielfeld erzeugen
spielfeld = [[False] * 9] * 9
# Stein in zweite Reihe, drittes Feld setzen
spielfeld[1][2] = TrueMir war nicht bewusst, dass es um Backgammon geht. Ich war gedanklich ganz allgemein bei einer simpel gehaltenen Brettbelegung, wo wie gesagt nur belegt oder nicht belegt wichtig sind. Jetzt habe ich gesehen, dass im Eingangs-Post Backgammon im Nebensatz als Beispiel steht.
Code: Alles auswählen
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from collections import namedtuple
from enum import Enum
from itertools import cycle, islice
import random
import time
TRACK_LENGTH = 24
HOME_LENGTH = 6
#:
#: Pairs of point number and count of checkers for the setup of the game.
#:
SETUP = [(1, 2), (12, 5), (17, 3), (19, 5)]
CHECKERS_PER_PLAYER = sum(count for _, count in SETUP)
Player = Enum('Player', 'BLACK WHITE')
PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER = {
None: ' ',
Player.BLACK: 'B',
Player.WHITE: 'W',
}
Point = namedtuple('Point', 'player, count')
Move = namedtuple('Move', 'die_value, start, target')
Win = Enum('Win', 'NONE NORMAL GAMMON BACKGAMMON')
def roll_dice():
result = [random.randint(1, 6), random.randint(1, 6)]
if result[0] == result[1]:
result *= 2
return result
def get_opponent(player):
if player == Player.WHITE:
return Player.BLACK
if player == Player.BLACK:
return Player.WHITE
raise ValueError(f'{player} has no opposing value')
def create_point(player=None, count=0):
if count < 0:
raise ValueError('count must be positive')
if count == 0 and player is not None:
raise ValueError('empty point cannot have a player')
if count != 0 and player is None:
raise ValueError('non empty point must have a player')
return Point(player, count)
def point_is_empty(point):
return point.player is None and point.count == 0
def point_has_blot(point, player):
return point.player == get_opponent(player) and point.count == 1
def is_possible_start(point, player):
return point.player == player and point.count > 0
def is_possible_target(point, player):
return (
point.player == player
or point_is_empty(point)
or point_has_blot(point, player)
)
def add_checkers_to_point(point, player, value):
count = point.count + value
if count < 0:
raise ValueError('amount of checkers must not become negative')
return create_point(None if count == 0 else player, count)
def create_track():
track = [create_point()] * TRACK_LENGTH
for player in Player:
for point_number, count in SETUP:
put_checkers(track, player, point_number, count)
return track
def validate_point_number(track, point_number):
if not 0 < point_number <= len(track):
raise ValueError('point_number out of range')
def reverse_point_number(track, point_number):
validate_point_number(track, point_number)
return len(track) - point_number + 1
def point_number_to_index(track, player, point_number):
validate_point_number(track, point_number)
if player == Player.BLACK:
return point_number - 1
if player == Player.WHITE:
return reverse_point_number(track, point_number) - 1
raise ValueError(f'illegal player {player}')
def get_point(track, player, point_number):
return track[point_number_to_index(track, player, point_number)]
def set_point(track, player, point_number, point):
track[point_number_to_index(track, player, point_number)] = point
def put_checkers(track, player, point_number, count):
point = get_point(track, player, point_number)
if not point_is_empty(point):
raise ValueError('point must be empty')
set_point(track, player, point_number, create_point(player, count))
def is_possible_target_in_track(track, player, point_number):
return is_possible_target(get_point(track, player, point_number), player)
def get_start_point(track, player, point_number):
point = get_point(track, player, point_number)
if not is_possible_start(point, player):
raise ValueError(f'{point} cannot be source for {player}')
return point
def get_target_point(track, player, point_number):
point = get_point(track, player, point_number)
if not is_possible_target(point, player):
raise ValueError(f'{point} already occupied by opponent')
return point
def iter_track(track, player, max_count=TRACK_LENGTH, filter_for=None):
if filter_for is None:
filter_for = player
if player == Player.WHITE:
track = reversed(track)
elif player != Player.BLACK:
raise ValueError(f'illegal player {player}')
return (
(point_number, point)
for point_number, point in enumerate(islice(track, max_count), 1)
if point.player == filter_for
)
def count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, player, point_count=TRACK_LENGTH):
return (
bar[player]
+ sum(
point.count for _, point in iter_track(track, player, point_count)
)
)
def count_checkers_not_in_home(bar, track, player):
return count_checkers_in_game(
bar, track, player, TRACK_LENGTH - HOME_LENGTH
)
def count_checkers_in_opponents_home(track, player):
return sum(
point.count
for _, point in iter_track(
track, get_opponent(player), HOME_LENGTH, player
)
)
def create_move(die_value, start, target):
if start is None and target is None:
raise ValueError('start and target are `None`')
return Move(die_value, start, target)
def create_bar_move(target_point_number):
return create_move(target_point_number, None, target_point_number)
def create_bear_off_move(die_value, start_point_number):
return create_move(die_value, start_point_number, None)
def is_bar_move(move):
return move.start is None and move.target is not None
def is_bear_off_move(move):
return move.start is not None and move.target is None
def is_track_move(move):
return move.start is not None and move.target is not None
def move_handle_blot(bar, player, target_point):
if point_has_blot(target_point, player):
bar[target_point.player] += 1
target_point = create_point()
return target_point
def remove_checker(track, player, point_number):
start_point = get_start_point(track, player, point_number)
start_point = add_checkers_to_point(start_point, player, -1)
set_point(track, player, point_number, start_point)
def add_checker(bar, track, player, point_number):
target_point = get_target_point(track, player, point_number)
target_point = move_handle_blot(bar, player, target_point)
target_point = add_checkers_to_point(target_point, player, 1)
set_point(track, player, point_number, target_point)
def do_track_move(move, bar, track, player):
if bar[player] != 0:
raise ValueError('checker from bar must be moved first')
remove_checker(track, player, move.start)
add_checker(bar, track, player, move.target)
def do_bar_move(move, bar, track, player):
if bar[player] == 0:
raise ValueError(f'no checkers on bar for {player}')
bar[player] -= 1
add_checker(bar, track, player, move.target)
def do_bear_off_move(move, bar, track, player):
if bar[player] != 0:
raise ValueError('checker from bar must be moved first')
remove_checker(track, player, move.start)
def do_move(move, bar, track, player):
if is_track_move(move):
do_track_move(move, bar, track, player)
elif is_bar_move(move):
do_bar_move(move, bar, track, player)
elif is_bear_off_move(move):
do_bear_off_move(move, bar, track, player)
else:
ValueError(f'unexpected move {move}')
def iter_legal_bar_moves(track, player, dice_values):
for die_value in dice_values:
if is_possible_target_in_track(track, player, die_value):
yield create_bar_move(die_value)
def iter_legal_track_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values):
all_in_home = count_checkers_not_in_home(bar, track, player) == 0
for die_value in dice_values:
for point_number, point in iter_track(track, player):
assert is_possible_start(point, player), point
target_point_number = point_number + die_value
if target_point_number > len(track):
move = create_bear_off_move(die_value, point_number)
else:
move = create_move(die_value, point_number, target_point_number)
if (
all_in_home and is_bear_off_move(move)
or (
is_track_move(move)
and is_possible_target_in_track(track, player, move.target)
)
):
yield move
def iter_legal_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values):
dice_values = set(dice_values)
if bar[player] > 0:
yield from iter_legal_bar_moves(track, player, dice_values)
else:
yield from iter_legal_track_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values)
def check_for_simple_win(bar, track, player):
return count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, player) == 0
def check_for_gammon(bar, track, player):
return (
count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, get_opponent(player))
== CHECKERS_PER_PLAYER
)
def check_for_backgammon(bar, track, player):
return (
bar[get_opponent(player)] > 0
or count_checkers_in_opponents_home(track, get_opponent(player)) > 0
)
def get_win_type(bar, track, player):
result = Win.NONE
for check_func, win_type in [
(check_for_simple_win, Win.NORMAL),
(check_for_gammon, Win.GAMMON),
(check_for_backgammon, Win.BACKGAMMON),
]:
if check_func(bar, track, player):
result = win_type
else:
break
return result
def point_to_string(point):
return (
PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER[point.player]
+ (format(point.count, '2d') if point.count else ' ')
)
def bar_to_string(bar):
return ', '.join(
'{}: {}'.format(PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER[player], bar[player])
for player in Player
)
def print_game_state(bar, track, player):
time.sleep(0.5)
print('\033[2J\033[1;1H', end='') # ANSI code sequence to clear the screen.
half_length = len(track) // 2
for track_half in track[:half_length], reversed(track[half_length:]):
print('|'.join(point_to_string(point) for point in track_half))
print('{} | Bar: {}\n'.format(player, bar_to_string(bar)))
def play_game():
bar = dict.fromkeys(Player, 0)
track = create_track()
players = cycle(Player)
if random.randint(0, 1) == 1:
next(players)
for player in players:
print_game_state(bar, track, player)
dice_values = roll_dice()
while dice_values:
legal_moves = list(
iter_legal_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values)
)
if not legal_moves:
break
move = random.choice(legal_moves)
do_move(move, bar, track, player)
dice_values.remove(move.die_value)
win_type = get_win_type(bar, track, player)
if win_type != Win.NONE:
return player, win_type
def main():
winner, win_type = play_game()
print('End', winner, win_type)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()Code: Alles auswählen
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from enum import Enum
from itertools import cycle, islice
import random
import time
from attr import attrib, attrs
TRACK_LENGTH = 24
HOME_LENGTH = 6
#:
#: Pairs of point number and count of checkers for the setup of the game.
#:
SETUP = [(1, 2), (12, 5), (17, 3), (19, 5)]
CHECKERS_PER_PLAYER = sum(count for _, count in SETUP)
Player = Enum('Player', 'BLACK WHITE')
PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER = {
None: ' ',
Player.BLACK: 'B',
Player.WHITE: 'W',
}
Win = Enum('Win', 'NONE NORMAL GAMMON BACKGAMMON')
def roll_dice():
result = [random.randint(1, 6), random.randint(1, 6)]
if result[0] == result[1]:
result *= 2
return result
def get_opponent(player):
if player == Player.WHITE:
return Player.BLACK
if player == Player.BLACK:
return Player.WHITE
raise ValueError(f'{player} has no opposing value')
@attrs(frozen=True)
class Point:
player = attrib(default=None)
count = attrib(default=0)
def __str__(self):
return (
PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER[self.player]
+ (format(self.count, '2d') if self.count else ' ')
)
def __attrs_post_init__(self):
if self.count < 0:
raise ValueError('count must be positive')
if self.count == 0 and self.player is not None:
raise ValueError('empty point cannot have a player')
if self.count != 0 and self.player is None:
raise ValueError('non empty point must have a player')
def is_empty(self):
return self.player is None and self.count == 0
def has_blot(self, player):
return self.player == get_opponent(player) and self.count == 1
def is_possible_start(self, player):
return self.player == player and self.count > 0
def is_possible_target(self, player):
return (
self.player == player or self.is_empty() or self.has_blot(player)
)
def checkers_added(self, player, value):
count = self.count + value
if count < 0:
raise ValueError('amount of checkers must not become negative')
return Point(None if count == 0 else player, count)
def create_track():
track = [Point()] * TRACK_LENGTH
for player in Player:
for point_number, count in SETUP:
put_checkers(track, player, point_number, count)
return track
def validate_point_number(track, point_number):
if not 0 < point_number <= len(track):
raise ValueError('point_number out of range')
def reverse_point_number(track, point_number):
validate_point_number(track, point_number)
return len(track) - point_number + 1
def point_number_to_index(track, player, point_number):
validate_point_number(track, point_number)
if player == Player.BLACK:
return point_number - 1
if player == Player.WHITE:
return reverse_point_number(track, point_number) - 1
raise ValueError(f'illegal player {player}')
def get_point(track, player, point_number):
return track[point_number_to_index(track, player, point_number)]
def set_point(track, player, point_number, point):
track[point_number_to_index(track, player, point_number)] = point
def put_checkers(track, player, point_number, count):
point = get_point(track, player, point_number)
if not point.is_empty():
raise ValueError('point must be empty')
set_point(track, player, point_number, Point(player, count))
def is_possible_target_in_track(track, player, point_number):
return get_point(track, player, point_number).is_possible_target(player)
def get_start_point(track, player, point_number):
point = get_point(track, player, point_number)
if not point.is_possible_start(player):
raise ValueError(f'{point} cannot be source for {player}')
return point
def get_target_point(track, player, point_number):
point = get_point(track, player, point_number)
if not point.is_possible_target(player):
raise ValueError(f'{point} already occupied by opponent')
return point
def iter_track(track, player, max_count=TRACK_LENGTH, filter_for=None):
if filter_for is None:
filter_for = player
if player == Player.WHITE:
track = reversed(track)
elif player != Player.BLACK:
raise ValueError(f'illegal player {player}')
return (
(point_number, point)
for point_number, point in enumerate(islice(track, max_count), 1)
if point.player == filter_for
)
def count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, player, point_count=TRACK_LENGTH):
return (
bar[player]
+ sum(
point.count for _, point in iter_track(track, player, point_count)
)
)
def count_checkers_not_in_home(bar, track, player):
return count_checkers_in_game(
bar, track, player, TRACK_LENGTH - HOME_LENGTH
)
def count_checkers_in_opponents_home(track, player):
return sum(
point.count
for _, point in iter_track(
track, get_opponent(player), HOME_LENGTH, player
)
)
@attrs
class Move:
die_value = attrib()
start = attrib()
target = attrib()
def __attrs_post_init__(self):
if self.start is None and self.target is None:
raise ValueError('start and target are `None`')
def is_bar_move(self):
return self.start is None and self.target is not None
def is_bear_off_move(self):
return self.start is not None and self.target is None
def is_track_move(self):
return self.start is not None and self.target is not None
def _execute_track_move(self, bar, track, player):
if bar[player] != 0:
raise ValueError('checker from bar must be moved first')
remove_checker(track, player, self.start)
add_checker(bar, track, player, self.target)
def _execute_bar_move(self, bar, track, player):
if bar[player] == 0:
raise ValueError(f'no checkers on bar for {player}')
bar[player] -= 1
add_checker(bar, track, player, self.target)
def _execute_bear_off_move(self, bar, track, player):
if bar[player] != 0:
raise ValueError('checker from bar must be moved first')
remove_checker(track, player, self.start)
def execute(self, bar, track, player):
#
# TODO Find a more object oriented solution, replacing the
# ``if`` cascade by object behaviour.
#
if self.is_track_move():
self._execute_track_move(bar, track, player)
elif self.is_bar_move():
self._execute_bar_move(bar, track, player)
elif self.is_bear_off_move():
self._execute_bear_off_move(bar, track, player)
else:
ValueError(f'unexpected move {self}')
@classmethod
def new_bar_move(cls, target_point_number):
return cls(target_point_number, None, target_point_number)
@classmethod
def new_bear_off_move(cls, die_value, start_point_number):
return cls(die_value, start_point_number, None)
def move_handle_blot(bar, player, target_point):
if target_point.has_blot(player):
bar[target_point.player] += 1
target_point = Point()
return target_point
def remove_checker(track, player, point_number):
start_point = get_start_point(track, player, point_number)
start_point = start_point.checkers_added(player, -1)
set_point(track, player, point_number, start_point)
def add_checker(bar, track, player, point_number):
target_point = get_target_point(track, player, point_number)
target_point = move_handle_blot(bar, player, target_point)
target_point = target_point.checkers_added(player, 1)
set_point(track, player, point_number, target_point)
def iter_legal_bar_moves(track, player, dice_values):
for die_value in dice_values:
if is_possible_target_in_track(track, player, die_value):
yield Move.new_bar_move(die_value)
def iter_legal_track_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values):
all_in_home = count_checkers_not_in_home(bar, track, player) == 0
for die_value in dice_values:
for point_number, point in iter_track(track, player):
assert point.is_possible_start(player), point
target_point_number = point_number + die_value
if target_point_number > len(track):
move = Move.new_bear_off_move(die_value, point_number)
else:
move = Move(die_value, point_number, target_point_number)
if (
all_in_home and move.is_bear_off_move()
or (
move.is_track_move()
and is_possible_target_in_track(track, player, move.target)
)
):
yield move
def iter_legal_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values):
dice_values = set(dice_values)
if bar[player] > 0:
yield from iter_legal_bar_moves(track, player, dice_values)
else:
yield from iter_legal_track_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values)
def check_for_simple_win(bar, track, player):
return count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, player) == 0
def check_for_gammon(bar, track, player):
return (
count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, get_opponent(player))
== CHECKERS_PER_PLAYER
)
def check_for_backgammon(bar, track, player):
return (
bar[get_opponent(player)] > 0
or count_checkers_in_opponents_home(track, get_opponent(player)) > 0
)
def get_win_type(bar, track, player):
result = Win.NONE
for check_func, win_type in [
(check_for_simple_win, Win.NORMAL),
(check_for_gammon, Win.GAMMON),
(check_for_backgammon, Win.BACKGAMMON),
]:
if check_func(bar, track, player):
result = win_type
else:
break
return result
def bar_to_string(bar):
return ', '.join(
'{}: {}'.format(PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER[player], bar[player])
for player in Player
)
def print_game_state(bar, track, player):
time.sleep(0.5)
print('\033[2J\033[1;1H', end='') # ANSI code sequence to clear the screen.
half_length = len(track) // 2
for track_half in track[:half_length], reversed(track[half_length:]):
print('|'.join(map(str, track_half)))
print('{} | Bar: {}\n'.format(player, bar_to_string(bar)))
def play_game():
bar = dict.fromkeys(Player, 0)
track = create_track()
players = cycle(Player)
if random.randint(0, 1) == 1:
next(players)
for player in players:
print_game_state(bar, track, player)
dice_values = roll_dice()
while dice_values:
legal_moves = list(
iter_legal_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values)
)
if not legal_moves:
break
move = random.choice(legal_moves)
move.execute(bar, track, player)
dice_values.remove(move.die_value)
win_type = get_win_type(bar, track, player)
if win_type != Win.NONE:
return player, win_type
def main():
winner, win_type = play_game()
print('End', winner, win_type)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()Code: Alles auswählen
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from enum import Enum
from itertools import cycle, islice
import random
import time
from attr import attrib, attrs
TRACK_LENGTH = 24
HOME_LENGTH = 6
#:
#: Pairs of point number and count of checkers for the setup of the game.
#:
SETUP = [(1, 2), (12, 5), (17, 3), (19, 5)]
CHECKERS_PER_PLAYER = sum(count for _, count in SETUP)
Player = Enum('Player', 'BLACK WHITE')
PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER = {
None: ' ',
Player.BLACK: 'B',
Player.WHITE: 'W',
}
Win = Enum('Win', 'NONE NORMAL GAMMON BACKGAMMON')
def roll_dice():
result = [random.randint(1, 6), random.randint(1, 6)]
if result[0] == result[1]:
result *= 2
return result
def get_opponent(player):
if player == Player.WHITE:
return Player.BLACK
if player == Player.BLACK:
return Player.WHITE
raise ValueError(f'{player} has no opposing value')
@attrs(frozen=True)
class Point:
player = attrib(default=None)
count = attrib(default=0)
def __str__(self):
return (
PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER[self.player]
+ (format(self.count, '2d') if self.count else ' ')
)
def __attrs_post_init__(self):
if self.count < 0:
raise ValueError('count must be positive')
if self.count == 0 and self.player is not None:
raise ValueError('empty point cannot have a player')
if self.count != 0 and self.player is None:
raise ValueError('non empty point must have a player')
def is_empty(self):
return self.player is None and self.count == 0
def has_blot(self, player):
return self.player == get_opponent(player) and self.count == 1
def is_possible_start(self, player):
return self.player == player and self.count > 0
def is_possible_target(self, player):
return (
self.player == player or self.is_empty() or self.has_blot(player)
)
def checker_added(self, player):
return Point(player, self.count + 1)
def checker_removed(self, player):
return Point(None if self.count == 1 else player, self.count - 1)
class Track:
def __init__(self):
self.points = [Point()] * TRACK_LENGTH
for player in Player:
for point_number, count in SETUP:
self._put_checkers(player, point_number, count)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.points)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.points)
def __reversed__(self):
return reversed(self.points)
def __str__(self):
lines = list()
half_length = len(self) // 2
for track_half in [
self.points[:half_length], reversed(self.points[half_length:])
]:
lines.append('|'.join(map(str, track_half)))
return '\n'.join(lines)
def validate_point_number(self, point_number):
if not 0 < point_number <= len(self):
raise ValueError('point_number out of range')
def reverse_point_number(self, point_number):
self.validate_point_number(point_number)
return len(self) - point_number + 1
def _point_number_to_index(self, player, point_number):
self.validate_point_number(point_number)
if player == Player.BLACK:
return point_number - 1
if player == Player.WHITE:
return self.reverse_point_number(point_number) - 1
raise ValueError(f'illegal player {player}')
def get_point(self, player, point_number):
return self.points[self._point_number_to_index(player, point_number)]
def set_point(self, player, point_number, point):
self.points[self._point_number_to_index(player, point_number)] = point
def _put_checkers(self, player, point_number, count):
point = self.get_point(player, point_number)
if not point.is_empty():
raise ValueError('point must be empty')
self.set_point(player, point_number, Point(player, count))
def is_possible_target(self, player, point_number):
return self.get_point(player, point_number).is_possible_target(player)
def get_start_point(self, player, point_number):
point = self.get_point(player, point_number)
if not point.is_possible_start(player):
raise ValueError(f'{point} cannot be source for {player}')
return point
def get_target_point(self, player, point_number):
point = self.get_point(player, point_number)
if not point.is_possible_target(player):
raise ValueError(f'{point} already occupied by opponent')
return point
def iter_points(self, player, max_count=TRACK_LENGTH, filter_for=None):
if filter_for is None:
filter_for = player
track = self
if player == Player.WHITE:
track = reversed(track)
elif player != Player.BLACK:
raise ValueError(f'illegal player {player}')
return (
(point_number, point)
for point_number, point in enumerate(islice(track, max_count), 1)
if point.player == filter_for
)
def count_checkers(self, player, point_count=TRACK_LENGTH):
return sum(
point.count for _, point in self.iter_points(player, point_count)
)
def count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, player, point_count=TRACK_LENGTH):
return (
bar.get_checker_count(player)
+ track.count_checkers(player, point_count)
)
def count_checkers_not_in_home(bar, track, player):
return count_checkers_in_game(
bar, track, player, TRACK_LENGTH - HOME_LENGTH
)
def count_checkers_in_opponents_home(track, player):
return sum(
point.count
for _, point in track.iter_points(
get_opponent(player), HOME_LENGTH, player
)
)
@attrs
class Move:
die_value = attrib()
start = attrib()
target = attrib()
def __attrs_post_init__(self):
if self.start is None and self.target is None:
raise ValueError('start and target are `None`')
def is_bar_move(self):
return self.start is None and self.target is not None
def is_bear_off_move(self):
return self.start is not None and self.target is None
def is_track_move(self):
return self.start is not None and self.target is not None
def _execute_track_move(self, bar, track, player):
if bar.get_checker_count(player) != 0:
raise ValueError('checker from bar must be moved first')
remove_checker(track, player, self.start)
add_checker(bar, track, player, self.target)
def _execute_bar_move(self, bar, track, player):
if bar.get_checker_count(player) == 0:
raise ValueError(f'no checkers on bar for {player}')
bar.remove_checker(player)
add_checker(bar, track, player, self.target)
def _execute_bear_off_move(self, bar, track, player):
if bar.get_checker_count(player) != 0:
raise ValueError('checker from bar must be moved first')
remove_checker(track, player, self.start)
def execute(self, bar, track, player):
#
# TODO Find a more object oriented solution, replacing the
# ``if`` cascade by object behaviour.
#
if self.is_track_move():
self._execute_track_move(bar, track, player)
elif self.is_bar_move():
self._execute_bar_move(bar, track, player)
elif self.is_bear_off_move():
self._execute_bear_off_move(bar, track, player)
else:
ValueError(f'unexpected move {self}')
@classmethod
def new_bar_move(cls, target_point_number):
return cls(target_point_number, None, target_point_number)
@classmethod
def new_bear_off_move(cls, die_value, start_point_number):
return cls(die_value, start_point_number, None)
class Bar:
def __init__(self):
self.player2checker_count = dict.fromkeys(Player, 0)
def __str__(self):
return ', '.join(
'{}: {}'.format(
PLAYER_TO_CHARACTER[player], self.get_checker_count(player)
)
for player in Player
)
def get_checker_count(self, player):
return self.player2checker_count[player]
def is_possible_start(self, player):
return self.get_checker_count(player) > 0
def add_checker(self, player):
self.player2checker_count[player] += 1
def remove_checker(self, player):
if self.player2checker_count[player] <= 0:
raise ValueError('number of checkers cannot be negative')
self.player2checker_count[player] -= 1
def move_handle_blot(bar, player, target_point):
if target_point.has_blot(player):
bar.add_checker(target_point.player)
target_point = Point()
return target_point
def remove_checker(track, player, point_number):
start_point = track.get_start_point(player, point_number)
start_point = start_point.checker_removed(player)
track.set_point(player, point_number, start_point)
def add_checker(bar, track, player, point_number):
target_point = track.get_target_point(player, point_number)
target_point = move_handle_blot(bar, player, target_point)
target_point = target_point.checker_added(player)
track.set_point(player, point_number, target_point)
def iter_legal_bar_moves(track, player, dice_values):
for die_value in dice_values:
if track.is_possible_target(player, die_value):
yield Move.new_bar_move(die_value)
def iter_legal_track_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values):
all_in_home = count_checkers_not_in_home(bar, track, player) == 0
for die_value in dice_values:
for point_number, point in track.iter_points(player):
assert point.is_possible_start(player), point
target_point_number = point_number + die_value
if target_point_number > len(track):
move = Move.new_bear_off_move(die_value, point_number)
else:
move = Move(die_value, point_number, target_point_number)
if (
all_in_home and move.is_bear_off_move()
or (
move.is_track_move()
and track.is_possible_target(player, move.target)
)
):
yield move
def iter_legal_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values):
dice_values = set(dice_values)
if bar.is_possible_start(player):
yield from iter_legal_bar_moves(track, player, dice_values)
else:
yield from iter_legal_track_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values)
def check_for_simple_win(bar, track, player):
return count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, player) == 0
def check_for_gammon(bar, track, player):
return (
count_checkers_in_game(bar, track, get_opponent(player))
== CHECKERS_PER_PLAYER
)
def check_for_backgammon(bar, track, player):
opponent = get_opponent(player)
return (
bar.get_checker_count(opponent) > 0
or count_checkers_in_opponents_home(track, opponent) > 0
)
def get_win_type(bar, track, player):
result = Win.NONE
for check_func, win_type in [
(check_for_simple_win, Win.NORMAL),
(check_for_gammon, Win.GAMMON),
(check_for_backgammon, Win.BACKGAMMON),
]:
if check_func(bar, track, player):
result = win_type
else:
break
return result
def print_game_state(bar, track, player):
time.sleep(0.5)
print('\033[2J\033[1;1H', end='') # ANSI code sequence to clear the screen.
print(track)
print(f'{player} | Bar: {bar}\n')
def play_game():
bar = Bar()
track = Track()
players = cycle(Player)
if random.randint(0, 1) == 1:
next(players)
for player in players:
print_game_state(bar, track, player)
dice_values = roll_dice()
while dice_values:
legal_moves = list(
iter_legal_moves(bar, track, player, dice_values)
)
if not legal_moves:
break
move = random.choice(legal_moves)
move.execute(bar, track, player)
dice_values.remove(move.die_value)
win_type = get_win_type(bar, track, player)
if win_type != Win.NONE:
return player, win_type
def main():
winner, win_type = play_game()
print('End', winner, win_type)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()